Migration Law The Migration Act 1958

Question: Describe about the Migration Law for The Migration Act 1958. Answer: 1. Billy is a citizen of New Zealand by status and he had migrated from New Zealand to Australia in 2001 when he was 21 years old. He had come to Australia with a special type of visa which is classified as subclass 444. This visa is allowed to the citizen of New Zealand to enter into Australia for the purpose of visit, study, stay or work at Australia. This visa is temporary in nature and can be continued till the applicant is citizen of New Zealand. There are certain conditions for availing this visa which Billy had met and he had joined a work at Tasmania in a mine[1]. Now Billy had reached the age of 36 and got accustomed with the life style of Australia. Along with other habits, he had gathered vices of Australian life culture. On day he drank in the pub with his friends to celebrate his birthday and got eradiated. Later on he had driven through the road with his car and run over four teenagers with the impact of his drinking habit. While he had been taken to the police watch house for dangerous driving with the influence of alcohol causing death, the next blow had come from his neighbor Sally Fields who had framed him with the charge of molestation of her 13 year old daughter Emily since when she was 7 years old. As a result, he had been convicted and sentenced to 5 years imprisonment. It is also in the card, that he might be deported from Australia by the Minister. Being worried, he had sought for legal advices which had been given through the letter below: Letter to Billy Elliott Mr. Billy Elliott, dated 26.10.2016 Tasmania, Australia Subject: Legal advices sought for avoiding Deportation fro Australia Dear Sir, As you have requested for legal advices related to the above subject with the consequences of the latest happening of rash driving and child molestation caused by you, we are giving below the questions placed by you with the legal answers and justifications for your notice:- Question Is there any chance of my deportation from Australia for the latest happenings? Answer As the happening of rash driving caused by you resulted to loss of four innocent teenagers under the influence of alcohol and the child molestation, you are convicted and were sentenced to five years imprisonment by the Court. The next probable step by the Minister of deporting you from Australia may happen as you are charged with molestation and this directly raises finger about your character. Justification Migration Act of Australia, 1958 is covering the area of deportation u/s 201 and 501 with various clauses which are applicable in your case[2]. Given below the enforcement of section 201 of this act which is applicable for you related to eligibility criteria for this section: The person with the status of non-citizen is being convicted in Australia with an offence-U/s 201 (a) The convicted is a citizen of New Zealand who was privileged with the criterion of staying in Australia with the power of special category visa falling under subclass 444 u/s 201 (b) (ii). The person has committed the offence for which he was sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year u/s 201(c)[3]. As per the record, you are qualifying the above conditions and may be legible for deportation from Australia. Given below the enforcement of section 501 of this act which is applicable to you so far refusal or cancellation of special type of visa on the ground of character by the Minister: This is entirely the prerogative of the Minister to cancel or refuse for further visa under special clause meant for New Zealand citizen covered under subclass 444 u/s 501 (1). The Minister may suspect if the candidate had not passed the character test where character test is defined under sub section 6 of this act u/s 501 ( 2) (a). The person could not justify his action to the Minister regarding the character test u/s 501 (2) (b)[4]. The Minister of Natural Justice has to satisfy himself that the person has not passed the character test under sub section 3A (a) with sub clauses (i) and (ii) Section 501 (3A) (b) highlights that the cancellation or refusal of visa may be done by the Minister in case of imprisonment of the person for violating Commonwealth Law. Section 501 (6) (c) implies that the past and present general conduct of that person towards an offence is encouraged. Sub clause of section 501 3A (a) (ii) says that the respective character test of the person is to be satisfactory for sexual offence, especially in case of child as specified in paragraph 6(e). To substantiate criminal record, section 501 (7) (c) had prioritized the issue of imprisonment of the person for more than 12 months[5]. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that you have no option for getting rid of deportation for cancellation of existing special visa or refusal of new visa for staying in Australia under subclass 444 for New Zealand citizen. But there is some scope of being pardoned by the Honored Minister under the clause of Pardon specified in section 501. There are two different clauses u/s 501 (10) (b) with sub section (i) and (ii). While (i) implies that the person is to be pardoned related to the offence, and (ii) implies that the person was earlier never convicted with that offence[6]. Hence with the above discussion and respective inference, it is advised by me that the plea for pardon is to be lodged to the Minister for not imposing deportation on you, if the same is being initiated by him with proper justification of emphasizing on section 501 sub section (10) (b) (ii). Hope the same will serve your purpose so far legality of anticipated deportation is concerned in case of the recent offences done by you. Thanking you, Yours truly, (S/D) Partner (ABC Solicitors) 2. In consideration of the cancellation of Billys visa under the ground of section 501, 501A and 501B of the Migration Act 1958 by the Minister with his personal decision, it has got enough scope of implying so. The discussion below will give the Minister the power to act so under different section as specified above[7]. Section 501 of Migration Act 1958 of Australia Section 501 of this act has given power to the Minister for cancellation of existing visa or refusal of renewing the visa to the foreign citizen under different clauses which emphasizes mainly on the issue of character test of the person. There are different pre-fixed norms related to this section regarding character test which are being clarified under section 501 paragraphs 6. In this specific case study Billy is a citizen of New Zealand who had come to Australia in 2001 at the age of twenty one and had got an employment in the Tasmania province. He had committed some offence lately which made him convicted with the imprisonment of five years. There are two offences made by Billy one is running over of four teenagers under the influence of alcohol and the other is charge of sexual molestation of a child of 13 years since she was at the age of 7. Both these offences are serious in nature and the Minister has the power to cancel the existing visa of Billy or to refuse the renewal of new visa for him to be in Australia. Section 501 of Migration Act 1958 has given the power to the minister to cancel the visa or refuse to issue a fresh visa for Billy who is staying in Australia with the special visa as he is the citizen of New Zealand. But section 501 subsections paragraph 6 has given clear direction to decide upon this domain related to character test. In this section special reflection is given on the molestation charges on sexual ground with child and left no scope for Billy to get rid of cancellation of visa[8]. Section 501A of Migration Act 1958 of Australia This section is emphasizing on the basic sections and respective of subsection which is mainly concentrating on the character test of the convicted along with the nature of offences. The character test, as per the norms set, is the only guideline for the Minister to cancel or disallow the visa. It is described in section 501A (2) that the Minister can set aside the standing visa with cancellation or refusal of new visa in case he suspects of the disqualification of the person related to character test . Character test is specifically categorized with different level of criminal offences and out of that molestation of child under the ground of sexual offence is specifically mentioned. As Billy is convicted with that along with rash driving under the influence of alcohol for which he was sentenced to five years imprisonment. Both these offences had created enough ground for Billy to get his existing visa cancelled. The minister has the right to exercise the power under subsection (2) o r (3) and the Minister is also not liable to consider the decision if to be exercised or not under the circumstances he is requested to do so. The decision taken my Minister under such circumstances cannot be reviewed which had been initiated under sub section (2) or (3) under the application of Part 5 or 7[9]. Section 501B of Migration Act 1958 of Australia This rule depict that if the Minister or his designated authority has taken any decision to cancel the existing visa or refuse to renew the existing visa u/s 501B section (1) or (2), the same can not be set aside. The criterion of this decision is mainly emphasizing on the passing of character test which Billy will fail. The rule confers the power to the Minister relating to the decision to be exercised on the specific ground of failing character test. Even the Minister has the power to neglect the original decision or any subsequent appeal against this order[10]. All these sections confer the power of discretion on the Minister of natural justice. Section 501, 501A and 501B are instrumental to give the power to Minister for cancelling the existing visa or refusal of renewal of visa to the person, who fails to qualify for the character test. In case of Billy, although he is staying in Australia for more than 10 years, but his recent activities will go against him as those are resulting to imprisonment for five years. Hence the probability of cancellation of existing special type of visa or refusal towards renewing the visa is there from the department of Minister for Billy. As the entire discretionary power is lying with the Minister, no such scope of appealing will stand; except with one option of appeal of pardon for first time happening of this type of offence by him. Retrieval of cancelled visa through appeal So far the case of Billy, if his visa will get cancelled by the Minister, he will not be able to retrieve that through any appeal and had to accept the deportation from Australia which is bit tough for him. The scope of getting pardoned through appeal may not be materialistic, as the crimes done by him are of serious nature and make him failed to pass the character test. Character test is depicted in section 501 subsection c paragraph 6 where he had miserably disqualified due to the committing of sexual molestation of child for long six years. The vague explanation of marrying the child had no effect and the Judge of the court had sent him to the prison for five years. This will go against him, and in case the Minister will initiate the steps for cancellation of visa, he will have no option but to return back to his home land of New Zealand. Bibliography: Aph, 2014. section 501, 501A and 501B of the Migration Act 1958. [Online] Available at: www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=e972b77d-5cae-4e25-a27d [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Austlii, 1997. Migration Regulations 1994 - Reg 1.03. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/mr1994227/s1.03.html [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Austlii, 2001. Migration Act 1958 - Sect 201. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118/s201.html [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Austlii, 2015. Migration act 1958 - Sect 501. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118/s501.html [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Austlii, 2015. Migration Act 1958 - Sect 501H. [Online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118/s501h.html [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Border, 2016. Special Category visa (subclass 444). [Online] Available at: https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/444- [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Coombs, M., 2015. Section 501 of Migration Act 1958 of Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/bd/bd1415a/15bd053 [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Grewcock, M., 2011. Punishment, deportation and parole: The detention and removal of former prisoners under section 501 Migration Act 1958. [Online] Available at: https://anj.sagepub.com/content/44/1/56.abstract [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Legislation, 2016. Migration Act 1958. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Series/C2004A07412 [Accessed 26 October 2016]. Loc, 2015. Guest Worker Programs: Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/guestworker/australia.php [Accessed 26 October 2016].

The Norman Conquest free essay sample

The Norman conquest of England was a military invasion of England by William the Conqueror in 1066. King Harold, with his Saxon army, and Duke William fought at the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066. King Harold was killed in the battle and his army left. On December 25 1066 William was crowned the new King of England. On December 25 1066 William was crowned the new King of England( The History of the Norman Conquest). We will write a custom essay sample on The Norman Conquest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page William was a Duke who ruled Normandy, now a region in France. He invaded England after the death of King Edward the Confessor because he believed he had the most right to be King of England. Due to the invasion of England, The Norman Conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England(The History of the Norman Conquest). William decided to invade England and enforce his claim by his and only his direct orders. After gathering an army of some valiant sized men, he landed at Penvensey, England in September of 1066. The rebut over the conquest started almost as soon as the event itself. Ironically, William the conqueror was also the Duke of Normandy in France. So this put William in an awkward position of ruling one country while still serving as a vassal of another country ruler. By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and also set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French-speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences. Once England had been conquered, the Normans faced many challenges in maintaining control. The Normans were few in number compared to the native English population. Historians estimate the number of Norman settlers at around 8,000, but Norman in this instance includes not just natives of Normandy, but settlers from other parts of France. One consequence of the invasion was that Williams followers expected and received lands and titles in return for their service in the invasion. However, William claimed ultimate possession of virtually all the land in England over which his armies had given him de facto control, and asserted the right to dispose of it as he saw fit. Henceforth, all land was held from the King. The distribution of land was normally in a piecemeal fashion spread out over the entire kingdom, rather than in contiguous blocks. A Norman lord typically had properties located all throughout England and Normandy, and not in a single geographic block. To find the lands to compensate his Norman followers, William initially confiscated the lands of all the English lords who had fought and died with Harold and redistributed part of these lands. These confiscations led to revolts, which resulted in more confiscations, in a cycle that continued virtually unbroken for five years after the Battle of Hastings. To put down and prevent further rebellions the Normans constructed castles and fortifications in unprecedented numbers, initially mostly on the motte-and-bailey pattern. Historian Robert Liddiard remarks that to glance at the urban landscape of Norwich, Durham or Lincoln is to be forcibly reminded of the impact of the Norman invasion(The Norman Conquest). William and his barons also exercised tighter control over inheritance of property by widows and daughters, often forcing marriages to Normans. A measure of Williams success in taking control is that, from 1072 until the Captain conquest of Normandy in 1204, William and his successors were largely absentee rulers. For example, after 1072, William spent more than 75% of his time in France rather than in England. While he needed to be personally present in Normandy to defend the realm from foreign invasion and put down internal revolts, he set up royal administrative structures that enabled him to rule England from a distance. Following the conquest, large numbers of Anglo-Saxons, including groups of nobles, fled the country. Many fled to Scotland, Ireland, and Scandinavia. Members of King Harold Godwinsons family sought refuge in Ireland and used those bases for unsuccessful invasions of England. The largest single exodus occurred in the 1070s when a group of Anglo-Saxons in a fleet of 235 ships sailed for the Byzantine Empire. The empire became a popular destination for many English nobles and soldiers as it would have been known that the Byzantines were in need of mercenaries. The English became the predominant element in the elite Varangian Guard, hitherto a largely Scandinavian unit, from which the emperors bodyguard was drawn. Some of the English migrants were settled in Byzantine frontier regions on the Black Sea coast and established towns with names such as New London and New York(The Norman Conquest) The impact of the conquest on the lower levels of English society is difficult to assess. The major change was the elimination of slavery in England, which had disappeared by the middle of the 12th century (The History of the Norman Conquest). There were about 28,000 of them listed in Domesday Book in 1086, less than had been enumerated for 1066. In some places, such as Essex, the decline in slaves was as much as 20% for the 20 years. The main reasons for the decline in slaveholding appear to have been the disapproval of the Church and the cost of supporting slaves, which unlike serfs, had to be supported entirely by their owners. But the practice of slavery was never outlawed, and the Leges Henrici Primi from the reign of King Henry I continued to withstand slaveholding as legal. Many of the free slaves of Anglo-Saxon society appear to have lost status and become indistinguishable from the non-free serfs. Whether this change was due entirely to the conquest is unclear, but the invasion and its after effects likely accelerated a process already underway. Likewise, the spread of towns and increase in nucleated settlements in the countryside, rather than scattered farms, was likely accelerated by the coming of the Normans to England. But the lifestyle of the peasantry probably did not greatly change in the decades after 1066(United Kingdom). Debate over the conquest started almost as soon as the event itself. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, when discussing the death of William the Conqueror, denounced him and the conquest in verse form, but the kings obituary notice from William of Poitiers, a Frenchman, was laudatory and full of praise. Historians since then have argued over the facts of the matter and how to interpret them, with little agreement occurring throughout history. Modern historians in the 20th and 21st centuries have focused less on the rightness or wrongness of the conquest itself instead concentrating on the actual effects of the invasion. Some historians, such as Richard Southern, have seen the conquest as a critical turning point in history. Southern, himself stated that no country in Europe, between the rise of the barbarian kingdoms and the 20th century, has undergone so radical a change in so short a time as England experienced after 1066 (The History of the Norman Conquest). The debate over the impact of the conquest depends on what metrics are used to measure change after 1066. If Anglo-Saxon England was already changing before the invasion, with the introduction of feudalism or castles or the changes in society, then the conquest was important but not a radical change. But, if change is measured by the elimination of the English nobility or the loss of Old English as a literary language, then the change was radical and driven by the invasion.  Nationalistic arguments have been made on both sides of the debate, with the Normans cast as either the persecutors of the English or the rescuers of the country from a decadent Anglo-Saxon nobility.

Description of the Diskobolos

Description of the Diskobolos When sculpted in 450 B.C.E., the Diskobolos was originally crafted in bronze. The sculptor, Myron, used a technique called hollow-casting which was common for Greek sculptors of the Archaic period. The title of the sculpture, Diskobolos, means "disk thrower" in Greek. This sculpture has been reproduced thousands of times, including many marble copies made by the Romans, and plaster casts like the one in our library.The Diskobolos is a very detailed sculpture. The musculature of it shows the athletic ability of Greek athletes. The athlete is sculpted in the nude like many of the other Greek sculptures. The sculpture is attempting to capture the art of athletic ability, during strenuous tasks. The athlete is in the climax of his action. Yet in the action, the athlete is concentrating on his task. The lack of expression on his face and the glare of the eyes portray his concentration.Map of "The archaic period in Greece (750 BC – 4...He is leaning forward at the hip. His upper bod y is twisted showing the torque needed to propel the discus. The athlete's legs are bent at the knees. With all the action going on in his body, the athlete still maintains his center of gravity which is necessary for him to complete the throw. The muscles over the entire sculpture are well defined. His shoulders are clearly defined from the rest of his arms. His chest has well defined pectoral muscles as well as abdominal muscles.Athletic ability was very important to the Greek's. For the first time in history we have art portraying athletes in action. Today the entire world still celebrates the Greek Olympic Games. The gamers were created more than 2500 years ago by the Greeks. Today the winners of the games receive medals, but in ancient Greece the athletes received crowns of olives. The athletes were...

Quotes From PW Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa

Quotes From PW Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa I never have the nagging doubt of wondering whether perhaps I am wrong. President P. W. Botha, who served as the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and executive State President from 1984 to 1989, gave many memorable remarks about leading South Africa under the policies of apartheid that kept races segregated. On Apartheid I am one of those who believe that there is no permanent home for even a section of the Bantu in the white area of South Africa, and the destiny of South Africa depends on this essential point. If the principle of permanent residence for the black man in the area of the white is accepted, then it is the beginning of the end of civilization as we know it in this country. The people who are opposing the policy of apartheid have not the courage of their convictions. They do not marry non-Europeans. Because you could not translate the word apartheid into the more universal language of English, the wrong connotation was given to it. I am sick and tired of the hollow parrot-cry of apartheid! Ive said many times that the word apartheid means good neighborliness. On Race Relations You could not claim for yourself that which you were not prepared to grant others. The security and happiness of all minority groups in South Africa depends on the Afrikaner. Most blacks are happy, except those who have had other ideas pushed into their ears. If the principle of permanent residence for the black man in the area of the white is accepted, then it is the beginning of the end of civilization as we know it in this country. I am not against the provision of the necessary medical assistance to colored and natives, because unless they receive that medical aid, they become a source of danger to the European community. The white people who came here lived at a very much higher standard than the indigenous peoples and with a very rich tradition, which they brought with them from Europe. Our history is responsible for the differences in the South African way of life. Botha Quotes On Leading South Africa The free world wants to feed South Africa to the Red Crocodile [communism] to appease its hunger. The idea of an Afrikaner people as a cultural entity and religious group with a special language will be retained in South Africa as long as civilization stands. Half a century ago in this court, I was sworn in as the member of Parliament for George. And here I am today...I am not better than General De Wet. I am not better than President Steyn. Like them, I stand firm in my principles. I can do no different. So help me God. Adapt or die. I believe we are today crossing the Rubicon, Mr. Chairman. In South  Africa, there can be no turning back. I have a manifesto for the future of our country and we must engage in positive action in the months and years that lie ahead.From his National Party Congress Speech, 15 August 1985. Sources Crwys-Williams, Jennifer. Penguin Dictionary of South African Quotations. Paperback, Penguin Global, August 12, 2009. Krog, Antjie. Country of My Skull. Hardcover, Crown, First Edition edition, February 22, 1999. Lennox-Short, Alan. A treasury of quotations. AD. Donker, 1991. McGreal, Chris. Brothers in arms - Israels secret pact with Pretoria. The Guardian, February 7, 2006. PW Botha. South Africa Travel Online, 2017. Van der Vat, Dan. PW Botha. The Guardian, November 2006.

Critically examine the effect of organisational structure and Essay

Critically examine the effect of organisational structure and operating techniques on the competitiveness of an organisation - Essay Example that an organization can either be formally aligned in its ways and means of doing things and different processes or the same might just be in a way informal in quite a few of its activities and tasks. The manner in which it runs across this paradigm is something that needs to be studied in depth before we reach further consensus on their purposes and the kind of achievements that they have had. As we talk about an organization, we see that within it the communication can flow in one of three ways or in all the three directions. This means that these three directions pave the way for the ease of communication and there are as such no barriers to arise from the whole equation. The first communication flow is from top to bottom, which means that the communication starts from the top management and goes down towards the middle and lower management. It ensures that the instructions are easily made comprehensible for all and sundry who are within the middle and lower cadres and there are as such no discrepancies arising from this form of communication flow. The second form could be the one that starts from the lower or middle management and goes up towards the top management. A common example of this kind of communication flow is in the type of protests and rallies that arise at the lower level and the lower management wants to make sure that their voice gets heard courtesy the top cadre of the organization. The third communication flow could be in the kind of peer to peer communication and interaction. This means that the employees and the workers at the same level communicate within their own capacities and as such there are no hindrances arising from the whole communication matrix. Apart from this, within an organization the communication also flows in a formal as well as an informal manner. Where the communication is more formal and sophisticated, the interaction is usually done through paper and written requests whereas the informal talk is also called

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 16

Writer's choice - Essay Example The Confederate flag has been the backbone of white supremacist associations, from the Ku Klux Klan to the skinheads (Aron, 2013). They did not proper Confederate battle flag because it is pretty. They picked it because it was the flag of a nation dedicated to their ideals: that the blacks are less equal to the white man. Some people say it represents heritage, not hate. In South Carolina, the Confederate battle flag was raised over the state house on April 11th; 1961.The state Senate passed a bill in South Carolina to expel the Confederate flag from the highest point of the state house vault by a majority vote on April 12, 2000. Following the 2015 Charleston church shooting, many commentators questioned the continued display of the flag at the memorial on the Statehouse grounds (Entman&Rojecki, 2001). The flag later removed which led to many debates with some people, specifically the whites, claiming that the Confederate flag did not have anything to do with the church shooting. How ever, before the removal of the flag, there were rallies promoting the South Carolina’s governor to remove the flag. To the blacks, the shooting was racially motivated, and the shooter had a photo pausing while carrying the Confederate flag. Wednesdays racially propelled slaughter of nine African-Americans at Emanuel AME Church in downtown Charleston has reignited the civil argument over flying the dissident flag at the Statehouse (Williams, 2000). Photographs of Dylan Roof, the admitted shooter, reveal him wearing politically-sanctioned racial segregation images and leaning toward a car with an ornamental license plate bearing tribute to the Confederate States (Entman &Rojecki, 2001).The shooter said that the races should be segregated, that whites should be with whites. It comes from the colonial history of America that the whites are more superior to the blacks. He is pegging his

The Pakistani Construction Chemical Industry Marketing Essay

The Pakistani Construction Chemical Industry Marketing Essay Construction Chemicals are the broad range of chemicals that are used as additives before or after construction stages to enhance the strength and durability of concrete structures. These range of construction chemicals are further divided into admixtures, flooring adhesives, water proofing, surface treatments, sealants, grouts and anchors, depending on their use in various applications of repair and construction. The Pakistani construction chemical industry despite its troubled economy is growing at a steady rate due to availability of natural resources and construction projects within country and neighboring Afghanistan. Construction chemical industry is very closely related to construction industry and is very much dependent over it. Many international companies those are considered as pioneers and giants in construction chemicals have developed construction sites in Pakistan to capture this geographic segment. Many local companies have also stepped in this line of business and are adapting international standards in technology and processes that has increased this industry magnitude but also developed the competition. Though it is a growing industry in local perspective yet at the same time on a smaller level it also attracts the attention of the niche segment of qualified people who know what will be the ultimate satisfaction that they will receive after using such type of products and se rvices. Internship in MBA program is very helpful in understanding the standards, codes and ethics that are practiced in real markets. As a marketing student to gain information on how companies in this competition adopt marketing strategies and focus on the needs and wants of the customers to stay contemporary and profitable. For this purpose I took internship in marketing department of Ultra Chemicals, a construction chemicals company whose industry is very dynamic. The company started its business in 2003 as a licensee of Ultra Construction Chemicals LLC USA and specializes in importing and manufacturing of construction chemicals Admixtures Surface Treatments, Grouts and Anchors, Water proofing Materials, Industrial Floorings, Concrete Protective Coatings, Joint Sealants Adhesives. I gained a lot of practical experience working in this company and I am quite confident that this exposure will have a positive impact on given assignments and entrepreneurial activities as a professional in marketing. I did internship for six weeks of one week in finance department and rest in marketing department to have a broad exposure. Working in finance department was more like to get a general idea about department functions and I was able to get interaction with finance department staff and watched their general activities. Higher management corporation and support helped very much in gaining the inside view of the organization processes and making it a good learning experience. During the internship period I met many clients, people in the marketing field and observed their activities. In this report I have discussed technical terms that are used in this industry and conducted SWOT analysis. At the end of this report I have made some conclusions and recommendations for the c ompany. Vision and Mission statements are as follows: Vision Statement: To be the leader in chemical industry and to serve commercial, residential and industrial construction by utilizing our vast research, expertise and experience. Mission Statement: We at Ultra chemicals are totally committed to developing customer-valued, admixtures, surface treatments, protective coatings concrete repairs, industrial flooring, grouts anchors, adhesives, waterproofing sealants solutions. Our focus is directed toward continuous improvement, superior quality and exceptional service. Table of contents Serial No. Topic Page No. 01 Overview of the Organization 8 i. Brief history 8 ii. Nature of the organization 9 iii. Product lines 10 iv. Brand portfolio of the organization 11 v. Strategies of branding used by the organization 12 vi. List of main clients of UC 13 vii. List of main competitors of UC 18 02 Organizational structure 19 i. Organizational Hierarchy chart 19 ii. Number of employees 20 iii. Introduction of all the departments 20 iv. Comments on the organizational structure 21 03 Plan of my internship program 21 i. A brief introduction to head office 21 ii. Starting and ending dates of my internship 21 iii. Names of the departments in which I got training 21 04 Training program 22 i. Description of activities performed by departments 22 ii. Description of the tasks assigned tasks 22 05 Structure of Marketing Department 25 i. Department hierarchy 25 ii. Number of employees in Marketing department 26 iii. Marketing operations 26 06 Functions of Marketing Department 27 i. Segmentation strategy 28 ii. Target marketing strategy 28 iii. Product planning, development management 28 iv. Positioning 29 v. Pricing strategy 30 vi. Distribution strategy 34 vii. Promotional strategy 35 07 Structure of the Sales Department 36 i. Department hierarchy 36 ii. Number of employees working in sales department 36 iii. Sales operations 36 08 Function of Sales Department 37 i. Sales methodology 37 ii. Type of selling 37 iii. Sales returns procedures 38 09 Customer Services Department 39 i. Process of developing relations with customers 39 ii. Techniques of retaining the customers 40 iii. Techniques of attracting new customers 40 iv. Ways of handling different kinds of customers 40 10 Critical Analysis of UC 42 11 SWOT analysis 44 12 Conclusion 46 13 Recommendations 46 14 References 47 Overview of the Organization Brief history of organization: Ultra Chemicals, LLC. a, USA based company adopting Market Development and Product Development Strategies formed its subsidiary, Ultra Construction Chemicals (PVT) Limited. The company started its operations in Pakistan in 2003. It provide improved quality construction additives as well as technical support to different sites including Commercial, Residential, Housing Societies, Underpasses, Flyovers, Dams, Hydro powers, Combined Cycle Power Projects, Bridge Structures, Airports and Canal Lining etc by utilizing research and expertise to serving valued customers throughout its region. Nature of organization: The Company imports raw materials of most of its chemical products from various countries like, Japan, Korea, Russia, South Africa and America. Admixtures are blended and mixed at Ultra chemical Processing Unit which is located exactly 4KM, off Ferozpur Road, Lahore Epoxies in finished form are directly imported from Japan Korea through its parent company. These are imported in bulk quantities and re-packed into small tin packs for further selling to the customers. The Company has strong technical team which provides technical services and supervisions to its customers. The services include product applications, Precaution, port life, full cure time, and final strength of the products and concrete cubes. The business is classified as consumer durables because the nature and use of the products in processes and projects are made so that the projects have extended lives and durability in their structures. iii) Product Lines and Brand Portfolio of the organization: The company offers a complete range of construction chemicals/additives which are used to enhance concrete structure life, workability, quality, and strength. The wide range of construction chemicals products includes: Concrete Admixture Ultra Powder 2000 Ultra Super Plast 470 Ultra Grouts n Anchors Ultra Lock E3-GP Surface Treatment Ultra Curing Compound Industrial Flooring Ultra Hard Floor Protective Coating Ultra Tuffcoat-90 Water Proofing Ultra Seal Grey Joints Sealants etc Ultra Poly Urethane Sealant Strategies of branding: Branding Strategy plays an important role in creating a, sign, symbol, and name that differentiates and identifies a product from other products. An effective branding strategy provides you a chance to penetrate and increase market shares in a competitive market. Branding is very particular in nature that a company adopts under some condition like product, consumer behavior and company position in competitive environment. The company has adopted Range Brand Strategy. This strategy offers one brand name through a single promise for a range of products belonging to the same area of competence. Ultra Construction Chemical has only one brand name (Ultra) which is used for all of its range of interrelated products. Main Clients: National Level Project References International Air Port Sialkot. Greater Thai Canal. Kachi Canal. Rainee Canal. KCI Chashma. Satpara Dam. Sher Shah Bridge Multan. Mole Power Project Kohat. Head Baloki Thermal Power Station. Islamabad Muree Motorway. Lahore to Gujranwala Road Bridges. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. Chief Minister Secretariat Lahore. President House Islamabad. Prime Minister House Islamabad. Metro Cash Carry. Industrial Sector (Cement Industry) Pioneer Cement Factory Joharabad. Best Way Cement Factory Chakwal. Gharibwal Cement Factory Find Dadan Khan. Saadi Cement Factory Hattar. Mustehkum Cement Factory Hattar. Fauji Cement Factory Fatah Jhang. Thatta Cement Factory Sindh. Lucky Cement Factory Karachi. Pakistan Cement Factory Chakwal. DG Cement Factory D.G Khan. Leather, Textile Industries Etc. East Pakistan Chroome Tainery Shaikhupura. Universal Leather Kahna Lahore. Yusaf Tainery Sahiwal. Dada Tainery Ferozpur Road Lahore. Sapphire Finishing Raiwind Lahore. Nishat Mills Defence Road Lahore. Nishat Chunian. Five Star International Faisalabad. Manakine Textile Rohi Nala Lahore. Ehsan Sons Raiwind Master Textiles Raiwind Koh-e-Noor Textile Raiwind Mange Road Lahore. Mayfair Textile Raiwind Azgard-9 Raiwind. Akash Textile Faisalabad. Sonex Tiles Industry Kamokey. Mater Tiles Gujranwala. Bata Pakistan. Nestle Pakistan Kbirwala Sheikhupura. Pak Arab Fertilizer Fatima Fertilizer Rahim Yaar Khan. Angro Fertilizer Ghotki. Ghani Glass Industries. Honda Car Factory Multan Road Lahore. Honda Motorcycle Sheikhupura Raod Lahore. LG Factory Sunder Industrial Estate Lahore. Faisal Asad Textile Layyah. Coca Cola Lahore Pepsi Cola Lahore. Sunder Industrial Estate Lahore. Clariant Pakistan Jamshoro. Millat Tractors Sheikhupura Road Lahore. KSB Pumps. Doctor Hospital Lahore. Adil Hospital Defence Lahore. Precast Industries: Izhar Group of Companies. Izhar Pvt. Ltd. Gondal Precast Gujrat. Imam Co Jamal Precast Rawalpindi. Saeed Precast Kohat. Rana Concrete Lahore. Junaid Pool Plant. Potential Engineers C-Mix Concrete Lahore Pharmaceutical Industries: Ameer Pharma Shaikhupura Road. Sharooq Pharma Ferozpur Road Lahore. Shahzaib Pharma Haripur. Pharmajin Ferozpur Road. Gyton Pharma Raiwind Road. Glaxo Smith Kot Lakhpat. Selmore Pharma Multan Road Lahore. International Pharma Defence Road Lahore. Zakfas Pharma Multan. Mass Pharma Raiwind Ethical Lab Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore. Mac Rains Pharma Raiwind Road. Shopping Centers, Housing Sectors: Pace Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. Rabi Centre Lahore. Ahad Tower Lahore AH Tower M.M. Alam Road Lahore. Pak Gulf-7 Star Islamabad. Sethi Motors Model Town More Lahore. Essem Hotel Islamabad. Emmar Housing Project Islamabad. Defence Housing Authority Lahore. Eden Developers/Housing. Bahria Town Lahore Rawalpindi. EME Society DHA Multan Road Lahore. City School System. Beacon House Schools System. Salamat School System. Laccas School System. Punjab Group of Colleges. Askari Villas Airport Lahore. Aero Developers Mubarak Sales Center Lahore. Al-Gugair Giga Tower Karachi. Rehman Hospital Ferozpur Road Lahore. Thokhar Niaz Baig Fly Over Lahore. Muslim Tower Under Pass Lahore. Royal Palm Golf Club Lahore. Warid , U Fone,Telenor Towers. Main competitors List of major competitors is appended below SIKA International BASF Pakistan FOS-Pak Construction Chemical (Pvt) Ltd ABE- Construction Chemical (Pvt) Ltd Imporient Construction Chemicals (Pvt) Ltd Zohebia Construction (Pvt) Ltd Organizational Structure The organizational structure of Ultra Chemicals has functional departmentalization structure with centralized decision making. i) Organizational Hierarchy chart ii) Number of employees The total numbers of employees working in Ultra Construction Chemicals offices (head office branch offices) and in factory are 120 iii) Introduction of all departments. Human Resource Department: Human resource department of Ultra construction chemical dealing with matters of employees like, training, hiring, labor relations and benefits. Human resource management also plays an important role to make employee labor force well-organized as well as maintaining employee database. Finance Department: Every organization plays an important role to meet the need of all of its stake holders. This is true in the finance sector. Ultra construction chemical has a strong finance department which plays a broad range of roles to under take inside and outside of its business. The finance department of Ultra construction chemicals handles all traditional responsibilities and finance matter such as finance accounting, payroll management, recoveries, estimating and handling cash in hand and outflow, record keeping and managing liquidity. Marketing Department: It is the major responsibility of marketing department of Planning and coordination of all marketing activities. Ultra construction chemicals marketing department works to promote their products at reasonable price in the market. The marketing department of Ultra construction chemicals is also responsible of generating new inquiries, through tender opening, news papers, building consultants, contractors and media. Developing long term relation with exiting as well as new customers. Sales Department: The sales department of Ultra construction chemical is responsible for the sales of the companys manufactured products and services. Payment collection, after sales services, logistic, controlling and assessing sales force activities is also duty of Ultra Chemicals sales department. Comments on the organizational structure : Ultra Construction chemical has departmentalization decision making structure. It includes wide span of control with central decision making approach. This type of decision making strategy is good for company products, services and business. fa 3. Plan of internship program: i) Brief introduction of head office: Ultra Chemicals head office is situated in 26 CC-2 Civic Centre, Central Plaza, New Garden Town Lahore, where I conducted my internship. It is floor which is divided into four departments that include finance, marketing, sales and human resource departments. ii) Starting and ending dates of Internship: Staring date of my internship is June 01, 2010 and ending date is July 13, 2010. iii) Names of the departments in which I got my training: Finance Department I got training in Finance department for one week starting from June 01, 2010 to June 08, 2010 and learned voucher entries, book keeping, journal entries. Sales Marketing Departments From June 09, 2010 till the completion of my internship. During this tenure, I learned / performed the following: Companies Marketing policies Market Analysis Prepared Marketing Plan Promoting Companys products Understanding customers needs requirements 4) Training program: Internship Training program started on June 01, 2010 and ended on July 07, 2010 i) Detailed Description of the operations performed by the department: a) Finance department: Activities of this department are recovery of cash from clients and agencies, preparation of budget, payroll management, account maintaining and keeping records. b) Marketing department: This department is responsible for conducting marketing research, advertising and promotion, devise a marketing plan, manage product portfolio. In addition to these activities this department focuses on customer needs, develop and communicate with customers, develop plans that would help in gaining a competitive edge in competition. Detailed description of assigned tasks: Separate target and separate responsibility is assigned to sales representative. I had to meet 0.6 Million Sales Target during my Internship meeting with chief civil engineer: (M. Israr Farrooqi) , discussion regarding epoxy sacreeding (used in hygienic chemical resistant floor in food departments, hospitals lobby, beverages, food processing plant, pharmaceuticals production plant, cold storage ) and self leveling in new cereal plan building Visit to Head of construction, Mr Khwaja Tasueef at Metro cash carry Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore for water steel structure water proofing with(epoxy primer, intra seal flex=high elongation coating pasting of polyester fiber, c) Visit to Sapphire power plant Muridke: Met Mr. Rana Khaliq ur Zaman Arif and discussion regarding grouting of diesel tank pipes with some high strength epoxy material. And surface treatment of water unloading station of acids like (caustic soda, HCL, H2so4 (sulphuric acid) and water proofing of underground storage tanks d) Visit to Nishat Mills Ltd: Its head office is situated at 7 Main gulberg, Lahore. I had a detailed discussion with Mr. Khurram Procurement Manager regarding all construction products specially focused on related jobs like grouting of power looms machines foundation. e) Visit to Coca Cola concentrated plant: It is situated 1 N Gulberg industrial area Lahore. A brief discussion with Raza Ali maintenance manager regarding epoxy sacreeding and self leveling of floor (hygienic coating) for hygienic conditions such as non bacterial growth. f) Visit to Descon Engineering Limited: The head office is located at Ferozpur road Lahore. A detailed discussion with Mr. Rafiq (Project Buyer) regarding treatment of expansion joints Ultra Safe Lastic-V (sealant for vertical surface) for Mangla dam Projects and Satpara Dam Project for rebarring of concrete structures. g) Visit to Dawood Hercules Sheikhupura raod lahore: The corporate Head office: 35-A, Shahrah-e-Abdul Hameed Bin Baadees (Empress Road), Lahore 54000, Pakistan. I have conducted a meeting with Mr. Rasheed (chief civil) regarding workshop floors treatments with some epoxy high strength materials and surface treatment of cooling tower basin with some cement materials and polymer added mortar. 5) Structure of the Marketing Department: Marketing department has a traditional structure with decentralized decision making and narrow span of control. i) Department hierarchy: ii) Number of employees working in the Marketing department: There are ten employees working in marketing department of Lahore head office. iii) Marketing Operations: Marketing department of Ultra Chemicals performs various activities to enhance the positioning of brand and products. Performing activities to measure marketing and planning, advertising budgets, project work and promotional campaign results while systematically improving effectiveness and efficiency. Generate market reports: After completion of each project the marketing department makes reports and analysis of the completed projects. To make budgets: It is a planned activity that allocates revenues and expenses that are needed to carry out various marketing activities. It also covers pricing decisions specific to clients, rewarding employees with bonuses and also to make product range more innovative. Brand Management: Brand image is positioned so that the perceived value to the customer would increase brand equity by continuously improving the band contract . Pricing Pricing objectives and strategies are defined, in order to have optimal pricing. Terms and conditions of pricing are also established. 6) Functions of the Marketing Department: To Conduct market research: Market researchers conduct the research, prepare reports and present to marketing director. Promotion and Advertising: To expand customer base and find new customers are key assets to any firm specially in this challenging industry. Advertising and promotion strategies are used to find and attract new customers. For this purpose Ultra Chemicals launched many campaigns to increase their brand awareness by effective advertising and promotions systems. Prepare Marketing Plan: Marketing plan is prepared at the start of the year, targets are set to achieve and strategies are adopted to achieve these goals. Based on market research and analysis a plan is prepared and managers make sure that objectives are carried out without delays. Segmentation strategy: Segmentation strategy depends on the market potential and the ability to satisfy the customer needs. For this reports from market research process are consulted. Segmentation strategy used by Ultra Chemicals is 1) Geographic Segmentation: Geographic segmentation is the dividing of the target market in various segments depending on the customers usage and demands for those products. Clients of Ultra Chemicals are from various cities, and construction sites within Pakistan that require the products produced. 2) Behavioral Segmentation: Behavioral segmentation is the dividing of the target market in segments according to potential buyers of products and their knowledge, usage and attitude towards that product. Products of Ultra Chemicals are used by such people and professionals who are knowledgeable and understand the brand promise that it offers, because they are looking for quality and durability. ii) Target marketing strategy: Market research process also define the target market that helps in identifying those market segments that are potential clients and agencies that utilizes the products services produced by a company. Right identification of the target market helps in saving time and monetary costs. Target market primarily includes those customers, regions and all those projects that are related with construction industry. The nature of this industry requires a market that is composed of knowledgeable and technical people who know what value and promises this brand offers. Though it is a growing industry in local perspective yet at the same time on a smaller level it can depends and target the niche segment of qualified people who know what will be the ultimate satisfaction that they will receive after using these products. On a larger scale Ultra Chemicals targets large scale projects. After identification and selection of target market, strategies used by Ultra Chemicals are product and market specialization with full market coverage that span over whole country. Product specialization is used because the company has the potential to customize the products according to the need of their client agencies, and market specialization is used because the company offers this target market a variety of its products for usage. iii) Product planning, development management: Product Planning: After market research and careful analysis of market opportunities and assessing the needs of the customers, product planning process is started which aims at answering questions like which new product should be introduced or are there any modifications that can be made in the current product portfolio. What will be the process of after sales service and at what time the product should be introduced in the market. However basic product planning starts with idea generation many internal sources like customers, suppliers etc are consulted. When data is gathered from various sources is gathered, further screening and short-list is made and more feasible ideas is selected. Product Development: Ultra Chemicals manufacture their products in their production plant which is situated at Defence Road Rohi Nala, Opp: Kacha Tiba Village, Industrial State Lahore. Basic raw materials are imported from various countries and under the supervision of qualified team of plant managers, supervisors and chemical analysts products are manufactured according to ASTM (American Standard testing Method) which is an international standard developed by American society for testing materials. Product management: When new product is developed then it is managed by commercialization which deals with the timing of the launch of the new product, also where and when to launch the product. After that test marketing is carried out where the product is tested in real market setting. Ultra Chemicals uses the push strategy and send out notifications, samples and promotional material to their regular clients and make the characteristics of the product known and managed through a communication network of professionals and customer service. All products of Ultra Chemicals are leveraged under its unique brand name. iv) Positioning: Positioning is what we do to the mind of our customers it should be done carefully because it is the foundation on which other marketing decisions are built. Any change in the positioning can result in price fluctuations. Since the launch of Ultra Chemicals in 2003, the company has done effective promotional campaigns and developed a large customer base. They were successful in setting the perception of a company that offers a wide range of high quality to meet the need of customers by enhancing the safety, durability and design of construction. These activities resulted in good brand positioning and the perception of their products carry values of strength, reliability, durability and adaptability. Customers know that the brand fulfill its set of promises. There may be multiple positioning strategies based on the target market segment, but based on the nature of industry and business Ultra Chemicals positioning strategy is universal for all its segments i.e. to deliver strength, durability, and life of the projects. v) Pricing strategy: Pricing is the very important factor in the product mix. In positioning of the company products pricing can affect companys image and attitude of the customers. It is very strategic in nature and require careful planning. Price fluctuations can result due to a change in the positioning of the company. A firm operates in an environment that is composed of factors like competitors and legal systems such as price controls to prevent pricing too high or too low. A firm should also consider that setting a price too low can lead to price war among competitors. There are various pricing objectives that a firm pursues To maximize profit Increase revenue Increase selling Increase profit margin Use pricing to signal high quality Only meeting costs to stay in market Avoiding price wars Based on desired objectives a firm can pursue various pricing strategies like Cost plus pricing Premium pricing Psychological pricing Target base pricing It is generally accepted that the price should not be lower than the costs associated in conducting activities. Ultra Chemicals pricing objectives are to increase profit margin and use price to signal high quality. There strategy is based on psychological and premium pricing strategies. Psychological pricing is used because the brand is already positioned in customer mind as having value attached of strength, durability and reliability that gives mental satisfaction with not much burden on budget. Customers take price as a sign of quality. Premium or value based pricing is also used based on the value that it has created for customer. Customers are priced according to the performance of products and technical expertise provided by the company. This pricing is very profitable for Ultra Chemicals and a high profit margin is set on it. As general practice prices are quoted to customers with thirty days validity that is subjected to change due to circumstances. There are factors that affect the pricing mechanism of Ultra Chemicals. Any ch